# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use. This article explores the key components of sanitary napkins and their respective functions.

1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

• Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
• Perforated plastic film
• Cotton or cotton blends

This layer needs to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to keep the skin comfortable while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.

2. Absorbent Core

The core is the most important functional component of a sanitary napkin. It usually consists of:

• Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
• Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)
• Sometimes includes cotton or rayon fibers

The absorbent core’s primary function is to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid, preventing leaks and keeping the surface dry.

3. Back Sheet

The back sheet forms the bottom layer of the sanitary napkin and is typically made from:

• Polyethylene film
• Non-woven fabric
• Breathable microporous film in premium products

This layer prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing while allowing some breathability in higher-quality products.

4. Adhesive

Several types of adhesives are used in sanitary napkins:

• Pressure-sensitive adhesive for attaching to underwear
• Hot melt adhesive for bonding layers together
• Sometimes includes release paper for the adhesive strip

The adhesive must be strong enough to keep the pad in place but gentle enough not to damage clothing.

5. Wings (in Winged Pads)

For winged sanitary napkins, additional materials include:

• Non-woven fabric or plastic film for the wings
• Additional adhesive on the wings

Wings provide extra security by wrapping around the sides of underwear to prevent shifting and leaks.

6. Packaging Materials

While not part of the pad itself, packaging is crucial and typically includes:

• Individual wrappers (plastic or paper)
• Outer packaging (plastic bags or boxes)
• Sometimes includes biodegradable or compostable materials

Specialty Materials in Premium Products

Higher-end sanitary napkins may incorporate additional features:

• Antibacterial treatments
• Aloe vera or chamomile coatings
• Odor-control additives
• Organic cotton or bamboo fibers
• Biodegradable or plant-based materials

Understanding these materials helps consumers choose products that align with their comfort needs, health concerns, and environmental values. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials to improve performance, comfort, and sustainability in feminine hygiene products.