Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

Properties:
– Soft and comfortable
– Quick-drying surface
– Hypoallergenic
– Allows liquid to pass through quickly

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Properties:
– High absorption capacity
– Good retention under pressure
– Rapid liquid distribution
– Odor control capabilities

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural integrity. Materials used:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Non-woven fabric

Properties:
– Liquid-proof
– Flexible yet durable
– Some offer breathability
– Prevents reverse flow

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives are used for different purposes:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for pad attachment
– Hot melt adhesive for layer bonding
– Construction adhesive for core stability

Properties:
– Strong bonding without irritation
– Maintains integrity during use
– Non-toxic and skin-friendly

## Additional Features and Materials

### 1. Wing Materials

Many pads feature wings for better security. These are typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric
– Plastic film
– Elastic components

### 2. Fragrance Components

Some pads include:

– Natural plant extracts
– Microencapsulated fragrance
– Odor-neutralizing agents

### 3. Special Additives

Advanced pads may contain:

– Aloe vera for soothing
– Chamomile extracts
– Vitamin E
– Antibacterial agents

## Material Properties and Performance

The performance of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

### Absorption Capacity

– Measured in grams of fluid absorbed per gram of material
– SAP can absorb 30-60 times its weight
– Fluff pulp provides good wicking action

### Retention Under Pressure

– Important for active women
– SAP maintains absorption when compressed
– Prevents rewetting

### Breathability

– Reduces skin irritation
– Prevents heat and moisture buildup
– Microporous films offer better air circulation

### Softness and Comfort

– Critical for sensitive skin
– Non-woven materials provide cloth-like feel
– Reduced friction prevents chafing

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on eco-friendly materials:

– Biodegradable top sheets
– Plant-based SAP
– Organic cotton options
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content

## Conclusion

Understanding sanitary pad raw material composition helps consumers make informed choices. The combination of advanced materials ensures comfort, protection, and reliability during menstrual periods. Manufacturers continue to innovate, balancing performance with environmental sustainability.